Kenji Tomiki was born on the 15th of March, 1900. From an early age, he began studying kendo, then Judo (by the age of 10). His skills and dedication to training were such that, after being the captain of the Judo Team at Waseda University in Tokyo, he became an uchi-deshi (live-in student) of Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo.
In 1926, Ueshiba Sensei arrived in Tokyo, and asked to meet with Kano Sensei. Kano was much impressed by both Ueshiba himself, and by the system of budo which he was formalizing. In fact, he was so impressed that he offered his top Judo student to Ueshiba, urging Ueshiba to take Kenji Tomiki under his wing and teach him the new art form.
Tomiki Sensei went along quite willingly, as it was clear that Ueshiba had much knowledge to impart. Tomiki Sensei studied under Ueshiba's personal direction for over a decade, and was such a diligent student that he was the first deshi to whom Ueshiba ever awarded a Menkyo. It is roughly equivalent to an 8th degree black belt. (In later years, when Aikikai Aikido, Ueshiba's style, went to a dan system, all old menkyo's were recognized as 8th Dan under the dan system.)
Tomiki Sensei taught in Manchuria for the better part of a decade. As the Japanese army suffered defeats through out the Pacific theater, no thought was made of abandoning Manchuria to Sun Yat Sen's nationalists. This was because a large chunk of the natural resources used in Japan's war efforts came from the mines of Manchuria. Consequently, when Japan surrendered in August of 1945, the entire population of Japanese nationals that had been in the area during the occupation and during the war remained.
After the war, as many as two million Japanese were to return to the home islands from the defeated Empire. Most were able to return within a a year or two. Tomiki, however, was not. For the area of Manchuria in which he taught was taken over not by the Republican forces of Sun Yat Sen, but by Stalin's Red Army. Being a University Professor at a school run by the Japanese, he was condemned and thrown into solitary confinement for three years.
This did not break his spirit, however. He spent the time drawing calligraphy on the dirt floor of his cell and in pondering over the martial arts that he had studied all his life. And, he kept in shape. During his time in confinement, he had conceived of a synthesis of sorts between Judo and Aikido. It was a synthesis whose development would occupy much of the next thirty years.
Tomiki's basic intent was to apply the training methodology of Judo to Aikido. Kano, the funder of Judo, rationalized old-style Jujitsu. Teachers were human. And what was practiced was what actually worked, not just what some revered soke said would work. Further, kata and randori were combined in his system to support and enhance and reinforce each other. To this end, the number of techniques was limited, and emphasis was placed on doing a few well, rather than knowing many techniques in theory but not being able to execute them in practice. Tomiki sought to perform the same rationalization for Aikido that Kano had performed for Judo.
So, taking the best students from his Waseda University Judo Club, he worked out over the course of a decade the basics of what has come to be the Shodokan Aikido curricula. He settled upon the basic 17 techniques, developed practice exercises like the Nana-hon Nage Kuzushi Waza, and created a set of randori rules and conventions such that students could practice full speed and full power without hurting each other; this is of course similar to Judo's rules and conventions.
By the early 60's, Tomiki's project was well on it's way. He had started the first Aikido Kyogi (Competition Aikido) Club at Waseda in 1958. The sport grew so fast that by 1970 the first All Japan University Student Aikido Championship could be held.
In 1967, Tomiki Sensei set up Shodokan Hombu Dojo to be the headquarters for his burgeoning organization, which goes by the name of the Japan Aikido Association. He intended it to continue to develop the practice and principles of the training methods which he had initiated for teaching and practicing Aikido.
Today, Shodokan Hombu is overseen by Nariyama Sensei, 8th Dan, who was personally sought out by Tomiki Sensei to become the Japan Aikido Association's head instructor. As all who have trained with Nariyama Sensei can attest, Tomiki's judgment was not mistaken; a trip to train for a few months at Hombu is a must for any serious student of Tomiki Aikido.
Tomiki Sensei died on Christmas Day, 1979. He passed away an 8th Dan in Aikikai (he never awarded himself any Aikido ranking) and a 9th Dan in Judo.